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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  M580 

(716)  872-4503 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVI/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


MM«il«toMHMNMW»i 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Motes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 
D 
D 

U 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 

Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommagde 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurde  et/ou  pellicul^e 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


□    Coloured  maps/ 
Cartes  gdographiques  en  couleur 


Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 


I I    Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

□    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


D 
D 


D 


D 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serr^e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intdrieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutdes 
lors  d'une  restaurat'on  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  filmdes. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl6mentaires: 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  dt6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-6tre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  m^thode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqu6s  ci-dessous. 


D 
D 
D 
D 
D 
D 
D 
□ 


Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag^es 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pellicul6es 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d^color^es,  tachet6es  ou  piqu6es 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d^tachdes 

Showthrough/ 
Trfcinsparence 

Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Quality  in^gale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partieMy  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6t6  filmdes  d  nouveau  de  fagon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqud  ci-dessous. 

18X  22X 


10X 


14X 


26X 


30X 


12X 


16X 


20X 


28X 


32X 


>laire 
IS  ddtaits 
ques  du 
nt  modifier 
Kiger  une 
ie  filmage 


d/ 
qu6es 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanlts 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  Congress 
Photoduplication  Service 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


taire 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — »-  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  'I'ilmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


L'exemplaire  film6  fut  reproduit  grdce  d  la 
gdndrosit^  de: 

Library  of  Congress 
Photoduplication  Service 

Les  images  suivantes  ont  6td  reproduites  avec  Ie 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettetd  de  l'exemplaire  filmd,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprim^e  sont  filmds  en  commenpant 
par  Ie  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  Ie  second 
plat,  selon  Ie  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  film6s  en  comrnenpant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  Ie 
cas:  Ie  symbole  —^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  Ie 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
film6s  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diff6rents. 
Lorsque  Ie  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  il  est  film6  d  partir 
de  Tangle  sup6rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  Ie  nombre 
d'images  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


I  by  errata 
med  to 

nent 

une  pelure, 
fagon  d 

9. 


4i        I 


32X 


1  2  3 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

0 

6 

x# 


iri 


-f> 


fil 


CANADIAN  RECIPROCITY  TREATY. 


-REMA-RKS 


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OF 


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HON.  GEORGE  F.  EDMUNDS, 


OP    VERMONT, 


IN  TnK 


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V/'* 


SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 


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January   22,    1875. 
1882 


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WASHINGTON: 

flOYBniTMENT    FRIKTIIfa    OFFICB. 
1875. 


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K EM AUKS 


HON     GEORGE   A.   EDMUNDS, 


S  •  JSS:^'  renent  joint  .esolutlons  of  tho  I-K  f «  "f  "^ 
thf  StarofXmonUlatinK  to  reciproc  ty  .»  tia.lc  >vith  the  Uu- 
inTnion  of  Canada ;  %s-hich  1  ask  may  bo  read. 

Thn  Chief  Clerk  read  as  follows :  ,  „      . 

(lutv  of  our  Senators  and  Represe  '»a''^^». '".^,S,,Ttv  in  trade  with  the  Uoiiiini.m 


I 


I, 


IcgiHlatiou.  .,,   ,,     p„n„,ilftn  T>eonlo  we  earnestly  deHlro  auii 

%solved,  That  in  common  'i'"   *''".  V^"*^""  ^^^  the  waters  of  the  Saint 

hope  for  the  early  «"'"l'>«.t'?"  °lV,\^tkeCU  am  ■">  important  hue 

""'"l^ZlveA,  That  the  governor  of  thU  State  be  and  '^^j^l^^.  ,lr•ll!;^.*fientatTv^■ 
^^Sn"rs  "' ^  "a  l^^;^  3^  ^  ^'rf^^^^^^^^^  «*»'—'  ^'•"  «"- 
oruorgeuerul  of  tho  Pomiuion  of  Canada.                yMAN  O.  HINCKLEY. 

H.  UEUKY  roWEKS, 

'^LliHti!;Zvw\rri^hereu*^^^^^^  »-^  afli^thosealof  the  office  at 

Montpelier  this  Ist  day  of  January  A.  U.  IS  .J.  GEORGE  NICHOLS, 

[I,.  B.]  Secretary  of  State. 

v»     irnMTTKns      I  move  that  these  reao\ution8  be  printed  and 
refSre5?oSeEommUe7-i;oW^^^^^^ 

motion  I  wish  to  say  .*»»**  ::;'")«  l/infVermoSt^^^^^^^^^      resist- 
structions  of  the  Legislature  of  th«^^**''j,?*^^^^^^  so  farts  I  can 

anceto  this  treaty  or  any  other  treaty  wut  nine  J     »y^ 
now  foresee,  be  likely  to  express  »"  «P'?i,'^"u"C'Le3ature  of  Ver- 
oceasipn  to  tka«« .^itt'««*  ^^^^^^^^^  "that 

^^-a£."*1\Sk|||?^^ 

there  may  ^e  many  treaties  on  subjects  ottra^^^^^^^^^^  .     j^. 


— ^ 


-    It  1   r  iiiimi 


MHM 


'{>(hI>  of  ;;tiiiliiiii'ii,  till'  wliinii,  iiidiv'ulimlly  iiiiilciillfclivi'ly,  1  liavr 
the  best  llll^silll(■  rciiMiins  liir  liii\  iiij;  ii  vi'iylii;;!!  'rcxiicct. 

Tliti  lirsl  I'lTsidi'iit dl'  llio  I'liitiMl  States,  (Ji'iii'ial  WiisliiiiKtoii,  on 
tilt'  :{(ltli  »liiy  of  Miiicli,  IT'.lt),  ti:iiisinitt(Ml  to  tlio  IIoiiho  of  JJciircsciitii- 
tives  ii  mosaic  uiioii  tliis  vfiy  siilijcct,  a  iiart  of  wliicli  I  ask  may  hv 
read,  wliirli  1  liavii  marked  in  the  volimu^  1  .semLlo  the  de.sk. 

TIks  Chief  Clerk  reail  an  f«dlow,s: 

Tti(>  coins.' H-liirli  till' clclHiti- lias  takiMi  (in  tlic  nsiiliiliiin  of  llio  llnu.so  Iciiils  to 
some  olihcnal ions  on  lliu  iiiodf  iil  making  tnuties  iindff  lliu  (.'oiistitiiliou  of  the 
I'niteil  Stales. 

Ilavi.,;;  liieii  a  nicnilior  of  tin-  trrnirnl  roiivciition,  anil  knownic  tlio  princiidps 
oil  wliicli  the  Coiistitmion  was  fornicil,  I  liave  evil-  cntcitaiiiiil  Imt  one  opinion 
<in  tliis  siiliiccl.aiKl  from  llio  liist  t'stalili.sliim'nl  of  tlie  (iovoniinciit  to  tliis  monu'iit, 
my  "'oiiilinl  lias  I'Miinilillecl  tlial  opinion,  tliat  tin'  power  of  ninkin;;  treaties  is  ex 
cliisively  willi  tile  I'lesidenl.  Iiy  and  with  tlw  ailviee  and  eonseiit  id' llie  Senate,  pro- 
vided two-tliirds  of  llie  Senators  iiresentcoiu  iir;  and  that  every  treaty  so  made  and 
jironiiilfrated  llieneeforward  lieeonies  the  law  of  the  land.  It  is  thus  that  the  treatv- 
inakin;:  power  has  lieiii  nnder.stiHid  by  foreign  iiati.ms,  and  in  all  the  treaties  made 
vitli  liieni  we  have  declared  and  they  have  lielieved  tiiat  when  ralitied  by  the 
rresidi'iit,  with  tlie  advice  and  eoiisciit  of  the  Senate,  they  lieeome  obligatory, 
in  this  ciinstriiction  of  tlie  ('onstiliilion  every  Jloiise  of  l!c|iresentalives  has  here- 
tofore aciiiiicsccd.  and  until  the  pre.seiit  time  not  a  doubt  or  suspicion  has  ajiiicared 
to  my  kuowled"e  that  tliis  construction  was  not  the  true  one.  Nay.  they  hiivi. 
more'thiui  aci|iiii'sced;  for  until  now,  wilhoiit  eontroveitiiiy;tlie  oblijiation  of  such 
treaties,  tliev  have  made  all  the  iviiiiisite  provisions  for  carryiiif;  them  into  etl'ect. 

There  is  also  reason  to  believe  that  this  construction  ajireeswith  the  opinions 
pnterlaiiieil  by  the  State  conventions,  when  they  were  deliberatin;;  on  tlio  (,'onsti- 
tiition,  esiH'ci'ally  by  those  who  oliiecled  to  it,  hl'caiise  there  was  not  required  in 
<(mimeriial  treat  ie-s'thc  consent  of  two-tbirds  of  the  whole  number  of  llienieinliersof 
the  Senate  instead  of  two-thirds  of  the  Senators  present,  and  because,  in  treaties 
ri.spectiiitf  territorial  and  certain  other  ri;;lits  and  claims,  the  coiieiiiTenee  of 
threi'-fuiirtbs  of  the  whole  iiumbi  r  of  the  iuembers  of  botli  Houses  respectively 
was  not  made  iiecessarv. 

It  is  a  fact,  declarid  by  the  ;:ijn  lal  convention  and  universally  tinderstnod,  tlint 
tlie  Constitution  of  the  f'nited  Slates  was  the  result  of  ii  spirit  ot  amity  and  unit  iial 
coiieessioii.  And  it  is  well  known  that,  under  this  intlileuce.  the  smaller  States 
were  luluiitted  to  an  eciiial  lepiesentatiiai  in  the  Seiiati'  with  the  larger  States; 
and  tliat  this  branch  of  the  (iovenimeiit  was  investeil  with  creat  iiowers  ;  for,  on 
the  e<iual  participation  of  those  |iow(  is,  the  sovereignty  and  political  safety  of  the 
smaller  Slates  were  deemed  cs.ieiitially  to  dei>end. 

If  otiier  proofs  than  tliesi'  and  the  plain  letter  of  the  Constitulion  itself  be  neccs- 
sarv  to  ascertain  the  point  umler  consideration,  tliev  may  be  found  in  the  Jonrnals 
of  the  jrvneral  <oiiveutioii.  which  I  have  deposited  in  the  otHce  of  the  Departmeul 
4if  Slate.  In  those  jmirnals  it  will  appear  that  a  i>ioiiositioii  was  made  "that  no 
treaty  should  be  biii'diiif;  on  the  Ignited  States  wliicii  was  not  ratified  by  a  law,"  and 
tliat  the  projiosition  was  explicitly  reje.cticl. 

Ah,  theielore,  it  is  perfectly  dear  to  my  undirstandin;;  that  tlie  a.ssent  of  fli(\ 
House  of  Uepresentatives  is  not  iiece.ssary'to  the  validity  id' a  tri'aly;  as  the  treaty 
vithdreat  Hritaiii  exhibits  in  itself  all  the  objects  reiiiiiriii;;  legislative  iirovision, 
and  on  tliesi  the  papers  called  for  can  tliiow  no  light ;  and  as  it  is  e.s.sential  to  the 
due  administration  of  tlie  (ioveiniiient  that  the  boinidaries  fixed  by  the  Constitu- 
tion tictwcen  the  dilVereiit  departmiiits  should  be  lueseived,  a  .just  regard  to  the 
('imstilutionand  to  the  duty  of  my  oHii  e.  iieili  r  all  tlie  lircunistanecs  of  this  case, 
Ikirlid  a  compliance  with  yoar  iei|U.  >t. 

.  U.  WASIIINCTOX. 

I'MTKl)  Sr.\rr.s.  Mai-el,  3(l,  \VX- 

Mr.  KDMl'XDS.  In  I'elntiaiy.  l^lil,  tliis  i|ue.stioii  ajjaiii  iiroHc  be- 
1-\v«>i'ii  the  two  llonsesof  Coiioicss  on  the,  treaty  <if  trade,  iilid  eom- 
im>rc«  witli  the  o;(ivcnimeiit;  of  (iieat  liritain,  and  it  waji  bi-otight  to 
a  eoufeiviice ;  tind  in  oith'r  to  show  tlic  Keiiiife,  jireeisely  whiit  the 
conferees  on  the  two  sides  stated  tlio  f  nio  interjirctiitioii  of  the  Con- 
stitution to  be,  1  bej;  letive.  to  read  a  very  slutrt  i)arao;r!iph  from  etich, 
bcfause  I  ktiow  how  precious  time  is,  and  I  ih)  not  intend  to  onlarjjte 
ou  this  topic.  The  conferees  of  tlie,  .'Senate  reported  on  this  topic  in 
tliis  way : 

The  conferees  of  the  Senate  did  not  eiuitest.  but  aiimitted  the  doctiine,  that  of 
•heaties  made  in  pursuance  of  the  Constitution  some  may  not  and  that  others  may 


i 

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,■  ,11  V,,r  I.    isl.ilivf  pvn\  isidii-  If  sir.iiv  Uhii'  .■vr.Mii.m.  will.  Ii  i.nivi.-.i.iii  (  nn-iyss. 

,  IH   H        M.S.  U   1 11.1   IM  iimkr.     llMt   llirv  iliil  .cnl.i.il  llial  I  lir  rniivinhnM 

„  '  ■  .■,.iisi.l.v;iti..ii  r,.,,..iicH  11..  su.l.  I.Kislaliv.;  |.r..viHi„i,«.  Ikmuum.,  "  /''™  '''•;";>  '; 

1  V,isp..n.l  tl.  .  Mli.i,'.li.sHl,ilil.v..f  Iliilis  1  sul.J.rlH  ill  .•..iiim.iriiil ;'"'    '"."' '<       . 
1  |li..lik.'H„Mi».iiHi.miii  fav..r  ..f  Aiii.ii.aM  .iliznis;  llmt  hii.I.  iw.  Itw  "(  'i"'' 
mil.  ili  tv  falN  williiii  th..  ,,.<iiliai-  pioviiu-.-  of  tli„  tnaty  i...vvct  to  a.liUHt ;    Imt  il 
r,        1.,     'iinh  a.l,ii..su..l  ill  ai,'v..tli..v.way,a...l  that  a  li,.nl.v  .I..V  ii,,,a..  ami 
'..liuHtiii''  111.'  HaiiM'.  iM  .•oii.l.iHiv.'.  aii.l  l.y  il^  <.«ii  aiitli..rily  su>i..  ii.ls  or  ■.■iiiov.-s 
aiii.f.'.U^il  laws  that  ar.'  .oiitiaiv  t..  its  i.rovish.ns. 

Tito  cniifon'os  mi  lli.'  l.ait  ..I'  lli.'  House  ol    IJ.-i.i.sniliHivos  stiitcl 
(111  ir  cii.sc  ill  this  way: 

Tl..'vnroi.cvsiiailf(ltliat  tli.i  lloii^.'of  K.i.ivs.ntaliv.'s  .l...s  not  a^.vl  111.'  piv- 

t.m  i.ii  tliat  no  Imitvcan  l"'  i.n.l.' willioiil   lloir  .iss.'iit  :  nor  .1.;  Iliyy  •■onltV '1 

at  in  a     'ii'  U  U.^'islativ,.  ai.l  is  iii.lisp.usal.ly  n.-.ssavy,  .it  i,t  to  (t-v',,^  ■;.";'> 

itivatv  or  to  nurv  it  int..  .•x.Miition.     (In  111.'  .■ontia.y,  tli.'y  aiv  l..li..v..l  I.. 

a.lniit    tl.iii   t..  S..111.',  Hay  many  tiLati.s.  no  U'Kislativ.i  xanctiou  is  i.Miiiuii.l,  no 

''rJn'thi^ot^'  han;i:'';^o?im>niitt,..  ar.  „ot  l..sssatistl.>.l  tl.at  it  is  l.y  -;"•'•-■"«- 
ii,|i.ti..n..l  the  Siiato  to  ass.it  tlic  livatyi.iakiii(S  power  K.  1..^  In  all  nis.'s  in.l  •• 
,,1.. tit  ..ft   .•  l.^nislativ..  autliority.    So  far  fim.i  it,  that  th-y  aro  li"l"';v;l  " 
■k  11.  vle.lu'o  tlio   n..c..Msity  of  leKislativ..  .•inuHn..nt  to  .any  >"••', ';^';':','t,   , 
t  oa  i.'S  wia.l.  .•..iitniii  ytipnlali...is  iT.|niriii«  appiopnations  or  whi.li  '"(f'  t  •"" 
..  I  ati..i    t.)  lav  taxps.  t.i  lais,,  ani.i..s,  to  siippoit,  navios.  to  fliant  s.il.si.lu's,  t  • 
Vva  .  S  a  .s  or  to  •■.•.l.,  t..riit..ry  :  if  in.l.M.l  this  now.r  .■xists  in  th.' (;..v..riinir   t 
at  all      111  M»n.'  '-r  M  .>f  th.'s.'  ras..»,  an.l  pn.hahly  in  ..lany  ol.h.'.s   .t ,'«  ;;"7'  J.  ' 
to  1..'  n.lniitt.'.l   that  th.'  Icnislativ.-  ho.ly  ninsl  a.t.  iiu.r.lfr  tomy.i  .'ll.'.'t  an.l  op.  la■ 
o    to  a     "tv;  an.l  if  in  any  raso  it  h.'  n.-.-.-sary.  it   may  .■.„|ll.l.nt  y  1..^  aHs..rl... 
li,!u  their  is  im.lill.'i.'n.e  in  i.rin.iple.l,.lAv..n  th.-  Uons.s  ,  th..  .luUr.iav  is  .nily 
ill  the  ai.pliiati.in  of  the  principle. 

Acconliii.'lv  on  tlmt  oecasioii  the  llmis.',  aiiiiaivutly  its  ii  iimUiM'  ol' 
(liitv,  ims"''*!  iil)ill  to  iiiako  tlio  l,>f;i'^liitiy.-  i.v..visi..iis  siiiMmsol  to  ^<^ 
nocl'ssary  bv  tlu'in  to  rany  tliis  tivaty,  wliidi  l'a<l  '»';•;>  ""V'"""'! 
xvliich  Was  liiiKliii!,'  lictweou  tho  (iovoriiiiicnt  ot  tli.^  tinted  htatfs 
i,„a  (irpiit  ISfitaiu,  into  erte.'t.  I  know  tliat  in  1*14  in  tins  Imdy  Mf. 
Clioiito  oil  Olio  occasion  and  Mr.  Arch.T  on  anotli.'V,  troni  Mio  Coimiiit- 
tco  on  Foivion  Relations.  iviiort.Ml  on  tlic  Zollvcicni  treaty  Mat.  a, 
.oinnicivial  tivatv  was  ii.it  iiiMtareiilly  within  Uio  conii.ctcncc  ol  tlio 
Senate  to  niak.","  altluniKh  imibalily  in  the  history  ot  the  cotnitvy 
down  to  til  It  time  a  do/eii  at  least  ot  such  tretities  had  been  made, 
l,e..inniii.v  with  th.'  ti-aty  of  .(ay  an.l  c.niiiiif,'  down  to  that  tinie. 
wbich  cov.'red  the  veiy  toi.i.'  ui.on  which  they  si.oU.;.  I  now  sisk 
v.mr  attcnlM.ii  for  a  siii'^le  nioni.'iit  to  the  decisions  ot  the  Siipreinv 
Conrt  on  (he  subject  of  the  ivlation  of  the  tieafy-iiiakmjj  power  to 
The  l.-islative  power.  The  lirsr  is  Foster  rv.  X.mIsoii.  d.'cided  by 
Chief  .liistice  Maishall  an.l  his  ;iss.i.i;it.s   in   the  year  Ifi'X     lliey 

'  '\  tnalv  i-^  in  itsnatnre.  a  .■oiiliiui  Ii.nv.fn  Iw..  iialoms  not  a  I.-islative  aet. 
It  <1.  .'s  1.^1  :;.Mi.'rallv  .■tle.t.  of  its.ll.  th.M.h.i-Tt  to  I,.;  a.v.u.il.lixo'.l.  .sp.'.ially  h»  a  r 
asit"..p.i'a7i.misinfrat..rrit..tial;  h.it  is  .arri.'.l  into  ex.enlion  l.y  the  .sovorcij;u 
iiowerof  till' resoe.tive  i.arties  to  the  insirniiii'iit. 

'  1  ,  1  Unit  1  Stat. 's,  a  .liiniviit  prin.iple  is  establish.'.!.  Onr  ( Onstitntion  .b- 
.l.  I's  tiv  t  V  t.)  l.e  tho  law  of  th.!  lan.l.  It  is.  ,'...ise.|.i.nlly.  t..  1...  reKar.le.l  lu 
■  rts  ol- lis  iVe  as  e.,iiival.'nt  t..  an  aet  i  (the  b.'^islatiir.'.  wh.'ii.'v.'V  it  operates  ol^ 
t"  "if  wit  mm  th.'  nil  of  any  l.'-i.slative  ).r,.visio.i.  Itnt  wli.'ii  the  t.'rnis  of  t\w 
stipuh  ..1  imp'.rl  a  cntnu't;  when .'ithcr  of  the  ,-,. .-ties  ...i«a,2.'M  ^¥-^^^«'V;^: 
tie  liar  aet.  th,'  tivatv  a.l.ln.ss.'s  itself  t..  tli<.  iiolitieal.  iiotthe  ni.li.'ial  Uepaiti  leiit 
ami  th.'  I..'.u'islatiire  i.uist  e.v..e.it..  tin-  eontrael  before  it  eaii  h.M:..nie  a  rale  for  the 

""tIip  arti.le  mnbr  coiisi.b'ration  <loes  not  rte.'lnrc  that  all  t\m  crants  raa.lo  by  IU.h 
Cat  .^bV  M.  ."tv  b..f..r.'  the  atth  of  .January,  iHlf-,  shall.b.-  vali.  t.,  the  stin.e  exU'.it, 
is  "  t  e  ,  .M  e.l  t.'rritori.'»  bail  reinaiiie.l  umi.r  his  .l.m.inion.  It  .loes  not  sav  that 
hose  m-aiit.i  are  h.'.rbv  ronllnn...!.  Hii.l  sncli  be.  ii  its  lanpimse.  it  wouUTb.Tve 
a  n  .^livtly  .".  the  snbieet,  ami  w..ul.l  have  r..p.'n  .-.l  "'<"«•  -"'r  "/.'""fi-in 
whbb  w.i.'  r.'i.nirnant  to  it :  but  th.!  lanniia-.'  is,  that  thos,'  i^ianls  shall  b.'  ralili.-.l 
ami  eontlim.'.l  t.)  lb.'  prrs.'iis  in  i.osscs.si.Hi. 


i. 


6 

::;ijrru  be  bis  i^S^^^^^^^  -»«-'  '»>"««  «™"*'' ""'  i'^^'"" 

"lufuetmlS;  in  the  Chorokoo  tobacco  ca«e,  the  8u,,remo  Court 
of  "he  uK  StfttcH,  by  Mr.  Justice  Swayne,  again  .leculed 

^Z  .±:^'IXVX    ln%e'c;^c«  referrifa  t«  tUeBe  priudplea  were  ap- 
^"u  rhr aZ;?s  d?aTt:rtl^     the  function  of  the  troaty-n.akin« 

Wbl»g.nm.tt.n  of  foreign  »M^^^^^^^  „,  „„,„„,„  ,„ 

"'S'Sfuttoo.wron.f.mdtotto  Commlttoe  .«  Korcig,,  M,- 
tions,  and  onlcTed  to  be  i>ruited. 


I 


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lii^^ufiiMiMMiaiiaiM 


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